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briefly describe three ways in which an organism may be genetically modified to produce a GMO.

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Q: briefly describe three ways in which an organism may be genetically modified to produce a GMO.

Answered by Head of US Trait Validation Operations, Bayer on Monday, 6/12/2017 7:20 pm

Thanks for the question, which I will address in two ways here.   1. What are three ways that organisms are modified by scientists? Here I will focus only on plants.   a. Agrobacterium: Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Agro) is a naturally occurring soil organism that causes a disease in plants called crown gall disease. In the late 1970s, Mary-Dell Chilton discovered that Agro actually transfers genes (DNA) from the Agro to the plant cell, where it becomes integrated into the plant DNA and is treated just like any other plant DNA. The genes transferred cause the plant to produce a gall (growth) and to produce certain compounds, which the Agro eats. However, other scientists discovered ways to modify Agro such that it still transfers new genes to plants, but the detrimental genes that cause the gall and cause the plant cell to produce these compounds are deleted and replaced by beneficial trait genes –as described below. Once the DNA is delivered to the plant cell, that cell (through various...


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